Wednesday, September 2, 2020

Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve

Excessively Far Ahead of the IT Curve The administration of Peachtree Healthcare needs to decide how much their advancements ought to be normalized. They can pick a solid data framework that will be actualized in every medical clinic and center that is at present run by Peachtree Healthcare. However, they can likewise receive a Service-Oriented Architecture that will empower this association to direct a particular normalization of their advances and significant practices. In the two cases, the organization should go through a lot of cash, however the accomplishment of this speculation can't be completely guaranteed. In this manner, the administration should figure out which model best suits the necessities of the association. This is the primary inquiry that will be discussed.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More One of the methodologies that this association can take is finished normalization of innovations an d practices. This methodology can give a few advantages, for instance, cost reserve funds and better time-productivity. In this manner, they can pick a solid data framework which is a solitary arrangement of advancements and applications that will be introduced in each center or medical clinic of Peachtree Healthcare. The primary bit of leeway of this methodology is that advancements and practices will be predictable all through the association. However, one should consider a few auxiliary variables. Peachtree Healthcare incorporates injury focuses, network medical clinics, showing facilities, or restoration focuses. In this way, it might be hard to build up a solitary data framework that can fit the necessities of these clinical foundations. Besides, as it has been noted for the situation study, numerous methodology can't be successfully normalized. For example, drug store record keeping can be founded on the accepted procedures. However, one can't say something very similar regard ing the convention for rewarding various types of malignant growth. This is one reason why complete normalization isn't generally conceivable. Aside from that, doctors ought to have the option to think about the prosperity of the patient without being constrained by principles or limitations forced from outside. Moreover, the reception of a stone monument data framework will require the overhaul of numerous business procedures, and additional preparation of the staff. Aside from that, the total update of the current IT framework may not be efficient.Advertising Looking for contextual investigation on business financial aspects? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More indeed a portion of their present innovations can work viably and there is no compelling reason to expel them. At long last, the administration of Peachtree Healthcare ought not overlook that the reception of a solid framework will make this association less receptive to change. For instance, emergency clinics can receive plans of action or clinical practices when they are given some level of independence. Complete normalization can deny them of this self-governance. These are the primary disadvantages and advantages of this methodology. Another technique that this association can pick is to execute a Service-Oriented Architecture. The primary advantage of these advancements is that they permit a more noteworthy level of adaptability. Specifically, a few doctors have different note-filling inclinations. Some of them decide to enter the data about the patient legitimately into a database, while others decided to direct these information for later interpretation. Aside from that, SOA can assist this with companying to normalize just a few components of their IT framework while permitting different emergency clinics and centers select programming. The primary confinement is that this innovation has not been generally embraced in medicinal services sett ing. The fundamental confinement of this model is that SOA have not been completely tried in clinical foundations. The administration of Peachtree Healthcare can't ensure that this innovation will demonstrate effective. All in all, the conversation of these issues shows that Peachtree Healthcare ought to embrace a Service-Oriented Architecture. As it has been said previously, this structure will empower this association to supplant those pieces of IT framework that don't work properly.Advertising We will compose a custom contextual analysis test on Too Far Ahead of the IT Curve explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More As it has been appeared for the situation study, the administration of Peachtree Healthcare feels uncertain about the reception of this innovation since it has not been generally utilized in medicinal services associations. However, one should consider that the reception of SOA foundation is a steady procedure. The organization can supplant some poor-work ing parts of their IT frameworks with SOA-manufactured administrations. Given that these progressions yield great outcomes, the organization can proceed with their appropriation of SOA data framework. Also, the designers of SOA data frameworks will suit the requirements of Peachtree Healthcare. They will even concur on lower cost for their administrations, since they additionally need to win the trust of human services establishments. Under such conditions, Peachtree Healthcare can get a great item at a sensible cost. Generally speaking, these models show that the update of an IT framework ought to be founded on close investigation of authoritative structure, its size, and significant exercises. Peachtree Healthcare would need to embrace a framework that can permit the best level of adaptability. Such an objective can be accomplished by utilizing a SOA-based data framework. Honestly, this methodology can be related with certain dangers, yet something very similar can be said about t he supposed stone monument frameworks. This association ought to take a stab at the normalization that depends on the prescribed procedures, however the administration must ensure that Peachtree Healthcare stays open to new thoughts, models, and practices. This outcome can be accomplished with the assistance of SOA infrastructure.Advertising Searching for contextual analysis on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More

Saturday, August 22, 2020

The Organizational Ethics of Lockheed Martin Essay Example for Free

The Organizational Ethics of Lockheed Martin Essay Lockheed Martins Vision explanation peruses as follows; (Who We Are) be the worldwide pioneer in supporting our clients to fortify worldwide security, convey resident administrations and advance logical disclosure. Lets separate this announcement into discrete segments. To begin with, supporting our clients to fortify worldwide security, is an expression that is restricted to a client base yet in addition comprehensive to the whole globe. The moral inquiry with this piece of their statement of purpose is; when does an association like Lockheed force their own moral cutoff points over their clients? This is a prime case of outside variables impacting the companys moral principles. Lockheed can end up helpless before their clients solicitation and wants. This can prompt taking on an undertaking that they may not be morally inline with. They are fundamentally giving their client full oversight over what they accept is moral in worldwide security. This can clearly transform into a predisposition perspective on whats useful for the world, when surrendered over to a particular gathering of clients. The following piece of the announcement at that point puts the moral choices once again under the control of Lockheed, convey resident administrations. With this slant Lockheed gets the opportunity to pick the administrations inside a general public that it feels will serve that residents the best. At long last and possibly the most morally touchy territory of Lockheeds strategic, advance logical revelation. Science, particularly in the territory of revelation, can prompt numerous moral inquiries relying upon the idea of the exploration. The greatest inquiries emerge when creature or human testing is included. To explicitly address their moral way of thinking Lockheed discharged this announcement; ( ) We are focused on the best expectations of ethicalâ conduct in all that we do. We accept that genuineness and honesty induce trust, which is the foundation of our business. We comply with the laws of the United States and different nations wherein we work together, we endeavor to be productive members of society and we assume liability for our activities. The fact of the matter is Lockheed is in the matter of making a portion of the universes generally progressed and dangerous military weapon frameworks. Despite the fact that their items are utilized in battle to execute the foe, there are still laws and rules overseeing the how damaging and deadly these weapons can be. Lockheed makes sure to work inside the rules set out by Geneva Convention Treaties and Rules of Armed Conflict. These rules are instances of legitimate variables that give Lockheed direction of where the moral lines ought to be drawn. Lockheed addresses the way that they not just have their own moral measures to stick to yet that they are likewise an immediate impression of their providers. (Who We Are ), We need our providers to get, cultivate, and reflect the moral lead we anticipate from our workers in all business difficulties and exchanges. This spots them in the extraordinary circumstance, not exclusively to screen their practices yet in addition those of the associations giving the materials they have to work together. Lockheed Martin anticipates that their temporary workers should act in a way predictable with the standards of their code of morals. One key component concerning their providers is that Lockheed requires their providers to have a set and normalized Code of Ethics Programs inside every association. Lockheed likewise holds their representatives to indistinguishable norms from their providers. In Lockheeds 2012 Employee Perspectives Survey, workers expressed that they were progressively adept to report dishonest conduct movement, while the percent of unfortunate behavior revealed was at an unequaled low. Leo S. Mackay Jr., VP of Ethics and Sustainability says, (FIve Lessons) â€Å"Even on the off chance that you didn’t know anything about our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, in the event that you followed the worth proclamations Do what’s right, Respect others, and Perform with greatness you could come truly near how we would need you to act in any circumstance that included a moral judgment.† One thing that makes Lockheeds ethic program work is the morals officials, at the business level, are installed straightforwardly with the representatives. These morals officersâ attend business and arranging gatherings. This guarantees the officials comprehend the organizations they support, and by taking an interest in the field they can overcome any barrier among business and morals. At the point when workers need to manage moral issues, they have explicit roads to contact including; conversing with their morals official, calling the Corporate Ethics HelpLine, or sending an email legitimately to the Lockheed Ethics Department. Note that the previously mentioned morals officials are chosen authorities from inside the organization. Lockheed Martin must report specific kinds of wrongdoing to the legislature. This further implies the significance the obligation of all workers to report any moral issues. Each Lockheed worker, even officials, must take part in morals preparing once every year. References. Who We Are Ethics. (n.d.). Morals  · Lockheed Martin. Recovered July 28, 2014, from http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/what our identity is/ethics.html Five Lessons for a Successful STEM Career. (n.d.). Cleaning Our Ethics Performance  · Lockheed Martin. Recovered July 28, 2014, from http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/what our identity is/morals/culture-ethics.html

Friday, August 21, 2020

Why To Kill a Mockingbird Is Controversial to Some

For what reason To Kill a Mockingbird Is Controversial to Some There are a few reasons that the substance of Harper Lees incredible novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, is once in a while considered so disputable (and improper for youthful crowds) that it is prohibited, tested, just as expelled from school/library records and retires. Racial Injustice The subject of partiality, separation, and without a doubt remorseless scorn isn't constantly a point that we like to examine with our youngsters. All things considered, we need kids to stay blameless, to be expelled and shielded from the shameful acts, injustice, mercilessness, and dread that so regularly wins in this world. Kids gain proficiency with all-to-rapidly that society is loaded up with goodness and thoughtfulness (or possibly that is the expectation), however theres additionally a lot of detestable, harassing and all the most exceedingly terrible horribleness in human nature. To Kill a Mockingbird investigates the two parts of mankind. Theres the life-and-passing battle of an honest dark man against the segregation and barbarity that is not just obvious in the activities of their kindred townspeople yet in addition in the inescapable partialities of the legitimate framework. Atticus is the main man who is fearless enough to face the chaos, with an end goal to guarantee that equity is served! He realizes that the numbness that wins could cost him his life (as well as all that he holds dear), yet the quest for equity and the safeguard of guiltlessness is (to him) worth anything he could confront. He isn't discouraged. Sexual Violence Despite the fact that the falsehoods that are advised identified with the assault are not express in nature, theres still the way that Mayella Ewell put fault on Tom Robinson for an awful infringement. The prosecution is totally created, however even the case of assault inconveniences a few perusers. For certain guardians, educators and different entryways to perusing, the subject of infringement (even in a theoretical sense) is unsatisfactory for young kids. Physical Violence Its hard to feel frustrated about Mayella on the grounds that we realize what her cases intend to Tom (and to Atticus, as he endeavors to guard a blameless man). We may detest what shes saying (and doing), we go to some acknowledgment of the brain research of poor people, mishandled young lady; she would do or say anything (in her dreadful and bullied state). Notwithstanding the maltreatment that Mayella encounters on account of her dad, physical viciousness are brought to hold up under upon Atticus and his kids. In their resentment and numbness, the townspeople endeavor to utilize savagery and dread; to control Atticus.Atticus won't down. He will not permit an honest man to dishonestly sentenced and detained, without in any event a battle. Atticus says: Fearlessness isn't a man with a firearm in his grasp. Its knowing youre licked before you start however you start at any rate and you see it through regardless. You once in a while win, yet some of the time you do.â Heres another fascinating inquiry; how might the novel be diverse without disputable subjects (and occasions)? Envision what the book would resemble in the event that they cleaned the novel.

Thursday, May 28, 2020

The Connection Between Love and Beauty in Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows that young men often confuse beauty for love. This happens due to the fact that love and beauty are very closely connected. As George Boas says: â€Å"the ultimate object of love is the beautiful† (583). Confusing beauty for love is not good, and can even be deadly, as Romeo seems to have a habit for falling in â€Å"love† with beautiful women, and he dies in the end, out of â€Å"love†. Beauty can be a difficult concept. It changes over time and people have different opinions of what is beautiful and what is not. In Shakespearean times, a woman was considered beautiful if she had pale skin, light hair, bright eyes, and red lips and cheeks (Leed). Women went to extreme measures to achieve these ideal characteristics, plastering their faces with white cream and covering their cheeks in rouge (Leed). A fully made-up woman in Shakespearean times would look rather ridiculous today, and even Shakespeare criticizes â€Å"ideal† beauty in one of his sonnets, Sonnet 130: My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red: If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damaskd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak,yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go, My mistress when she walks, treads on the ground; And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Shakespeare also shows in this sonnet that he does not love a woman for her beauty. He describes her as the opposite of ideal beauty at the time, and yet he still loves her. Shakespeare’s sonnet is similar to Romeo and Juliet because Shakespeare is showing that beauty is not needed for love, and Romeo and Juliet ends in tragedy for Romeo; who sees beauty as love. Although Shakespeare does not find pleasure in his mistress’s beauty, the dictionary. com definition of beauty is â€Å"the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Beauty is simply there to create pleasure (Robinson 74). One reason beauty is mistaken for love is because something can be so beautiful and cause such pleasure, that the pleasure can be mistaken for love. Romeo mistakes beauty for love twice in Romeo and Juliet. The first time he is in â€Å"love† is in the beginning of the story. He is sad and moping around when his cousin Benvolio finds him and asks what is troubling him. Romeo tells of his â€Å"love† for the â€Å"fair† Rosaline. He mourns the fact that she has chosen to be chaste and will not have children to carry on her beauty: â€Å"O, she is rich in beauty; only poor that, when she dies, with beauty dies her store†¦for beauty, starved with her severity, cuts beauty off from all posterity. She is too fair, too wise, wisely too fair, to merit bliss by making me despair† (I. . 214-221). Benvolio tries to comfort Romeo with promises of more beautiful women for him to love. Benvolio also mistakes beauty for love. When the two later learn that Rosaline will be at the Capulet’s feast, Benvolio urges Romeo to go so he can compare her to other beautiful women: â€Å"Tut! You saw her fair, none else being by; herself poised with herself in either eye; but in that crystal scales let there be weighed your ladys love against some other maid that I will show you shining at this feast, and she shall scant show well that now seems best. † (I. ii. 96-101). Benvolio turns out to be correct, as Romeo falls in â€Å"love† the second he lays eyes on Juliet at the feast: O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night as a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear! So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows as yonder lady oer her fellows shows. The measure done, Ill watch her place of stand and, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. (I. v. 45-54) Romeo forgets all about Rosaline, the reason he came to the feast in the first place. He only speaks of Juliet’s beauty, which has pleased him so much that he thinks he is in love. Rosaline and her lesser beauty are never mentioned again. Juliet does not seem concerned whether or not Romeo is handsome. She never says anything about his looks, but she does speak of her love for him. She is also more guarded with her love. When Romeo first approaches her, asking for a kiss, she turns the conversation to prayer: â€Å"Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, which mannerly devotion shows in this; for saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss†¦lips that they must use in prayer† (I. . 98-103). Although she does give Romeo his kiss, she keeps her feelings hidden as she leaves Romeo to go to her nurse. Her love is only revealed in the balcony scene, when she does not know Romeo is listening. She also makes Romeo swear he will be faithful to her before she will give him her love: â€Å"Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say ‘Aye,’ and I will take thy word. Yet, if thou swearst, thou mayst prove false. At lovers perjuries, they say Jove laughs. O gentle Romeo, if thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully† (II. ii. 90-94). Juliet knows Romeo might be unfaithful, and she is trying to decide whether or not to give him a chance. Romeo then tries to swear by the moon, which is inconstant and changes every night. He is interrupted by Juliet as he begins to swear by the â€Å"blessed† moon that â€Å"tips with silver all these fruit-tree tops† (II. ii. 107-108). Romeo wanted to swear by the beauty of the moon, once again linking love and beauty. Juliet eventually stops trying to have Romeo swear and she expresses her dislike of how quickly their relationship is happening: â€Å"†¦I have no joy of this contract tonight. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II. ii. 16-18). Juliet may love Romeo, but she still wants to progress slowly with him. She knows their families are enemies, and that it is dangerous for them to be together. Juliet never mentions if she thinks Romeo is attractive, as she is more concerned about Romeo being faithful to her; while even after Romeo discovers Juliet dead, he remarks on her beauty: â€Å"†¦Death, that hath sucked the honey of thy breath, hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. Thou are not conquered. Beauty’s ensign yet is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (V. ii. 92-95). Romeo and Benvolio’s attitude towards love and beauty is very different from Juliet’s. The men love only beautiful things, while Juliet cares more about the emotional aspects of a relationship. While both Romeo and Juliet lose their lives, Romeo dies due to his false belief that Juliet is dead. He is tricked into killing himself. When J uliet kills herself, Romeo is actually dead. Romeo kills himself so he will not have to live without his beautiful Juliet, while Juliet kills herself to bring them together again. Love of beauty is not good, as it can lead to death for the one who loves beauty and others who love the beauty lover. Works Cited Blomquist, Eric. â€Å"William Shakespeare (1564-1616). † sonnets. org. 29 Oct. 2007. 28 Mar. 2009 https://www. sonnets. org/? index. htm. Boas, George. â€Å"Love. † Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 583-590. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Pope John XXIII High School, Sparta, NJ. 9 Mar. 2009 https://infotrac. galegroup. com/? itweb/ db=GVRL. Dictionary. com Unabridged. Vers. 1. 1. 22 Mar. 009 https://dictionary. reference. com/? browse/? beauty. Leed, Drea. â€Å"Elizabethan Make-up 101. † Elizabethan Costuming Page. 2008. 15 Mar. 2009 https://www. elizabethancostume. net/? makeup. html. Robinson, Jenefer. â€Å"Aesthetics, Problems of. † Encycopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 72-81. Ga le Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Pope John XXIII High School, Sparta, NJ. 9 Mar. 2009 https://infotrac. galegroup. com/? itweb/ db=GVRL. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. 1960. Ed. Peter Holland. New York: Penguin Group, 2000.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Coffee growers Essay - 928 Words

Film Questions 1. Coffee growers in poor rural areas are paid very little for their crop. What strategies are proposed in this clip for changing that situation? The strategies that are proposed in this clip for changing this situation are for coffee growers to adapt to the fair-trade market. Under the fair-trade market coffee growers will have the chance to a decent market price that will help increase their production. 2. Now that you know something about the â€Å"sociology of coffee† and globalization, will your own consumption habits change at all? Explain why you would change or not your consumption habits. I prefer not to drink coffee as a result my consumption will not change. 3. In what ways is the â€Å"coffee-go-round† an†¦show more content†¦Early adulthood is a time of struggle to gain the skills and credentials required for a job that can support the family they wish to start and a struggle to feel in control of their lives or is when people figure out when they want to do and how best to realize their goals. The primary reason for a prolonged early adulthood is that it now takes much longer to secure a full-time job that pays enough to support a family. 2. Examine figure 2. How are the lives of young people in 2000 different from those in 1960? What do you think accounts for these differences? The lives of young people in 2000 are less successful completing the transition to adulthood than the lives from those in 1960. Young adults not finding a full-time job that pays enough to support a family. 3. Discuss positive and negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting. How do you suspect this changes childrearing practices? How does having children change the careers of middle-aged workers? The positive effects of waiting to become a parent while in your adulthood are more likely to leave home, be financially independent, and completed schooling. The negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting are not likely to be financially independent and completing schooling. Parents who postpone adulthood on parenting are likely to show care and loving towards their children than parents who are trying to complete their adulthood. Having children change the careersShow MoreRelatedEqual Exchange Term Paper812 Words   |  4 PagesExchange deal with the fluctuations on the trend for the demand of coffee while maintaining their ethical endeavor? IV. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Nurses Role in PACU

Question: Describe about the Nurses Role in PACU. Answer: Efficient pain management techniques are essential components in the delivery of quality patient care. Nurses play a significant role in facilitating this by employing a broad range of innovative and acquired mechanisms which are geared towards allaying patients pain. A typical setting where these techniques are exemplified is the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) where patients are placed temporarily after a major surgery. Nurses perform some roles to facilitate pain reduction. Firstly, according to Kastrup, Seeling, Barthel, Bloch, Spies, Scheller Braun (2012), nurses conduct various assessments to establish the point of emanation of the pain and any factor that might be associated with it. This entails allowing patients to depict areas of tenderness besides describing its nature. This allows selection of appropriate pain-relieving interventions and utilizing them beside prioritizing the major areas of concern. For those patients who may not be in a position to verbalize their pain, unnecessary movements or discomfort are be used to analyze whether the patient has any pain. Secondly, they play a role in the safe administration of non-opioid analgesics to counter reception of pain. Currently, opioid medications for pain management are supposed to be administered as adjunctive analgesics (Kastrup, et al. 2012). Following surgery, sensory pathways are triggered to transmit pain impulses from the altered tissues to the nervous system which culminates the situation. Drugs such as acetaminophen are effective in the quick curbing of the pain. Employing physical techniques such as massage and repositioning as part of the non-pharmacological ways of approaching pain is another technique that is used in PACU by nurses. This is geared towards altering the patients physiological processes. Massage not only increases blood supply to the altered tissues but also reduces pain reception. Reposition aids in relieving pressure on the affected tissues besides facilitating a sufficient blood flow (Kastrup et al. 2012). A patients reaction to this techniques should dictate whether they are efficient or alternative means should be employed. In addition, a nurse ought to collaborate with other care providers in order to ascertain the point of emanation of the pain. Mutual decision-making facilitates effective management of the pain. For instance, the anesthetist can be consulted on the possible side effects of using some drugs while the patient is in the process of from anesthesia. Establishing an empathetic relationship with the patient facilitates the creation of a therapeutic environment which ultimately aids in the elimination of pain. The patient finds it easy to report any episodes of pain thus allowing the nurse to intervene before deterioration. A nurse should not depict sympathy no matter how painful the tenderness is unless it is done in order to change the mindset of the patient. Employing cognitive techniques such as encouraging the patient to meditate about a certain subject makes him be distracted as his focus deviates away from the pain (Sibille, Kindler, Glover, Gonzalez, Staud, Riley Fillingim, 2011). Progressive monitoring of the general condition of the patients should also be prioritized as it gives a trend of what the prognosis of the pain or condition might be. Older patients are likely to be prone to diseases, unlike young people. This affects the pharmacokinetic changes that are usually associated with opioid usages. The elderly are more sensitive to them when compared to the younger age groups. They have a higher level of unbound and active substances besides having slightly different drug redistribution (Ganter, Michael, Blumenthal, Stephan, Du?bendorfer, Seraina, Brunnschweiler, Simone, Hofer, Tim, Klaghofer, Richard, Zollinger, Andreas Christoph, 2014). An increase in age facilitates protraction redistribution of opioids to the liver which results in prolonged metabolism and an increase in duration of the effects. Opioids such as propofal and ketamine increase the risks of acquiring diseases such as delirium when administered in doses that dont resonate well with the age group of the patient. Advance in age declines the number of neurons in the body reduces due to auto regulation and hence their pain reception is less pronounced than in young people. This facilitates the use of lower doses because efficacy is still achieved with the small doses. Moreover, administration of a dose similar to all age groups is likely to predispose the elderly to respiratory distress. Therefore, vulnerability to respiratory distress is increased with advancement in age. Weight affects the ratio of adipose tissue to the lean mass of the body. Lean body mass is employed in determining the dosage of the opioid medications (Faraj, Vegesna, Mudali, Khairay, Nissar, Alfarhan Sabir, 2012). Different weights ultimately lead to different cardiac output which affects the rate of distribution of the drugs. Patients with more weight are given much attention because they are vulnerable to respiratory distress if advanced dosages are administered to them. Lighter patients have a reduced cardiac output hence redistribution of the drugs is not pronounced like in patients with bigger weights. This necessitates the use of slightly higher doses in them. References Faraj, J. H., Vegesna, A. R., Murali, I. N., Khairy, M. A., Nissar, S., Alfarhan, M., Sabir, K., ... Go, T. (January 01, 2012). Survey and management of anesthesia-related complications in PACU.Qatar Medical Journal,2012,2, 64-70. Ganter, Michael T, Blumenthal, Stephan, Du?bendorfer, Seraina, Brunnschweiler, Simone, Hofer, Tim, Klaghofer, Richard, Zollinger, Andreas, ... Hofer, Christoph K. (2014).The length of stay in the post-anaesthesia care unit correlates with pain intensity, nausea and vomiting on arrival. (info:doi/10.1186/s13741-014-0010-8.) BioMed Central. Kastrup, Marc, Seeling k, Matthes, Barthel, Stefan, Bloch, Andy, le Claire, Marie, Spies, Was Claudia, Scheller, Matthias, Braun, Jan. (2012).Effects of intensivist coverage in the post-anaesthesia care unit on surgical patients' case mix and characteristics of the intensive care unit. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd. Kastrup, M., Seeling, M.J, Barthel, S., Bloch, A., le, C. M., Spies, C., Scheller, M. Braun, J. (January 01, 2012). Effects of intensivist coverage in the post-anaesthesia care unit on surgical patients' case management and characteristics of the intensive care unit.Critical Care (London, England),16,4.) Sibille, K. T., Kindler, L. S. L., Glover, T. L., Gonzalez, R. D., Staud, R., Riley, I. I. I. J. L., Fillingim, R. B. (July 01, 2011). Individual Differences in Morphine and Butorphanol Analgesia: A Laboratory Pain Study.Pain Medicine,12,7, 1076-1085.

Thursday, April 16, 2020

Piaget & Vygotsky Essays (1985 words) - Constructivism,

Piaget & Vygotsky Piaget and Vygotsky Theories of Cognitive Development Everyday life is characterized by conscious purpose. From reaching for food to designing an experiment, our actions are directed at goals. This purpose reveals itself partly in our conscious awareness and partly in the organization of our thoughts and actions. Cognition is the process involved in thinking and mental activity, such as attention, memory and problem solving. Much past and present theory has emphasized the parallels between the articulated prepositional structure of language and the structure of an internal code or ?language of thought'. In this paper I will discuss language and cognition and two famous theorist who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analyzing the process of cognitive development. Jean Piaget There are those that say that Jean Piaget was the first to take children's thinking seriously. Although Piaget never thought of himself as a child psychologist his real interest was epistemology, the theory of knowledge, which, like physics, was considered a branch of philosophy until Piaget came along and made it a science (2000). Children and their reasoning process fascinated Piaget. He began to suspect that observing how the child's mind develops might discover the key to human knowledge. Piaget's insight opened a new window into the inner workings of the mind. Jean Piaget has made major theoretical and practical contributions to our understanding of the origins and evolution of knowledge. Stages of Childhood Development In his work Piaget identified stages of mental growth. He theorized that all children progressed through stages of cognitive development. He discovered that children think and reason differently at different periods in their lives. Piaget believed that everyone passed through a sequence of four qualitatively distinct stages. They are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. In the sensorimotor stage, occurring from birth to age 2, the child is concerned with gaining motor control and learning about physical objects. This stage promotes that thought is based primarily on action. Every time an infant does any action such as holding a bottle or learning to turn over, they are learning more about their bodies and how it relates to them and their environment. Piaget maintains that there are six sub-stages in the sensorimotor stage although children pass through three major achievements. In the preoperational stage, from ages 2 to 7, the child is preoccupied with verbal skills. At this point the child can name objects and reason intuitively. Piaget has divided this stage into the preoperational phase and the intuitive phase. In the preoperational phase children use language and try to make sense of the world but have a much less sophisticated mode of thought than adults. They need to test thoughts with reality on a daily basis and do not appear to be able to learn from generalizations made by adults. In the intuitive phase the child slowly moves away from drawing conclusions based solely on concrete experiences with objects. However, the conclusions drawn are based on rather vague impressions and perceptual judgments. It becomes possible to carry on a conversation with a child. Children develop the ability to classify objects on the basis of different criteria. At this stage children learn to count and use the concept of numbers. In the concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 12, the child begins to deal with abstract concepts such as numbers and relationships. It is here that children learn mastery of classes, relations, numbers and how to reason. In this stage a person can do mental operations but only with real concrete objects, events or situations. Logical reasons are understood. For example, a concrete operational person can understand the need to go to bed early when it is necessary to rise early the next morning. A pre-operational child, on the other hand, does not understand this logic and substitutes the psychological reason, I want to stay up?. Finally, in the formal operational stage, age 12 to 15, the child begins to reason logically and systematically. The last stage deals with the mastery of thought (Evans, 1973). A formal operational thinker can do abstract thinking and starts to enjoy abstract thought. The formal operational thinker is able to think ahead to plan the solution path. Finally,