The Connection Between Love and Beauty in Romeo and Juliet - Free Essay Example

In Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare shows that young men often confuse beauty for love. This happens due to the fact that love and beauty are very closely connected. As George Boas says: â€Å"the ultimate object of love is the beautiful† (583). Confusing beauty for love is not good, and can even be deadly, as Romeo seems to have a habit for falling in â€Å"love† with beautiful women, and he dies in the end, out of â€Å"love†. Beauty can be a difficult concept. It changes over time and people have different opinions of what is beautiful and what is not. In Shakespearean times, a woman was considered beautiful if she had pale skin, light hair, bright eyes, and red lips and cheeks (Leed). Women went to extreme measures to achieve these ideal characteristics, plastering their faces with white cream and covering their cheeks in rouge (Leed). A fully made-up woman in Shakespearean times would look rather ridiculous today, and even Shakespeare criticizes â€Å"ideal† beauty in one of his sonnets, Sonnet 130: My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips red: If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damaskd, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks; And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak,yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never saw a goddess go, My mistress when she walks, treads on the ground; And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare. Shakespeare also shows in this sonnet that he does not love a woman for her beauty. He describes her as the opposite of ideal beauty at the time, and yet he still loves her. Shakespeare’s sonnet is similar to Romeo and Juliet because Shakespeare is showing that beauty is not needed for love, and Romeo and Juliet ends in tragedy for Romeo; who sees beauty as love. Although Shakespeare does not find pleasure in his mistress’s beauty, the dictionary. com definition of beauty is â€Å"the quality present in a thing or person that gives intense pleasure or deep satisfaction to the mind†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Beauty is simply there to create pleasure (Robinson 74). One reason beauty is mistaken for love is because something can be so beautiful and cause such pleasure, that the pleasure can be mistaken for love. Romeo mistakes beauty for love twice in Romeo and Juliet. The first time he is in â€Å"love† is in the beginning of the story. He is sad and moping around when his cousin Benvolio finds him and asks what is troubling him. Romeo tells of his â€Å"love† for the â€Å"fair† Rosaline. He mourns the fact that she has chosen to be chaste and will not have children to carry on her beauty: â€Å"O, she is rich in beauty; only poor that, when she dies, with beauty dies her store†¦for beauty, starved with her severity, cuts beauty off from all posterity. She is too fair, too wise, wisely too fair, to merit bliss by making me despair† (I. . 214-221). Benvolio tries to comfort Romeo with promises of more beautiful women for him to love. Benvolio also mistakes beauty for love. When the two later learn that Rosaline will be at the Capulet’s feast, Benvolio urges Romeo to go so he can compare her to other beautiful women: â€Å"Tut! You saw her fair, none else being by; herself poised with herself in either eye; but in that crystal scales let there be weighed your ladys love against some other maid that I will show you shining at this feast, and she shall scant show well that now seems best. † (I. ii. 96-101). Benvolio turns out to be correct, as Romeo falls in â€Å"love† the second he lays eyes on Juliet at the feast: O, she doth teach the torches to burn bright! It seems she hangs upon the cheek of night as a rich jewel in an Ethiops ear beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear! So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows as yonder lady oer her fellows shows. The measure done, Ill watch her place of stand and, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand. Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight! For I neer saw true beauty till this night. (I. v. 45-54) Romeo forgets all about Rosaline, the reason he came to the feast in the first place. He only speaks of Juliet’s beauty, which has pleased him so much that he thinks he is in love. Rosaline and her lesser beauty are never mentioned again. Juliet does not seem concerned whether or not Romeo is handsome. She never says anything about his looks, but she does speak of her love for him. She is also more guarded with her love. When Romeo first approaches her, asking for a kiss, she turns the conversation to prayer: â€Å"Good pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much, which mannerly devotion shows in this; for saints have hands that pilgrims hands do touch, and palm to palm is holy palmers kiss†¦lips that they must use in prayer† (I. . 98-103). Although she does give Romeo his kiss, she keeps her feelings hidden as she leaves Romeo to go to her nurse. Her love is only revealed in the balcony scene, when she does not know Romeo is listening. She also makes Romeo swear he will be faithful to her before she will give him her love: â€Å"Dost thou love me? I know thou wilt say ‘Aye,’ and I will take thy word. Yet, if thou swearst, thou mayst prove false. At lovers perjuries, they say Jove laughs. O gentle Romeo, if thou dost love, pronounce it faithfully† (II. ii. 90-94). Juliet knows Romeo might be unfaithful, and she is trying to decide whether or not to give him a chance. Romeo then tries to swear by the moon, which is inconstant and changes every night. He is interrupted by Juliet as he begins to swear by the â€Å"blessed† moon that â€Å"tips with silver all these fruit-tree tops† (II. ii. 107-108). Romeo wanted to swear by the beauty of the moon, once again linking love and beauty. Juliet eventually stops trying to have Romeo swear and she expresses her dislike of how quickly their relationship is happening: â€Å"†¦I have no joy of this contract tonight. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (II. ii. 16-18). Juliet may love Romeo, but she still wants to progress slowly with him. She knows their families are enemies, and that it is dangerous for them to be together. Juliet never mentions if she thinks Romeo is attractive, as she is more concerned about Romeo being faithful to her; while even after Romeo discovers Juliet dead, he remarks on her beauty: â€Å"†¦Death, that hath sucked the honey of thy breath, hath had no power yet upon thy beauty. Thou are not conquered. Beauty’s ensign yet is crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (V. ii. 92-95). Romeo and Benvolio’s attitude towards love and beauty is very different from Juliet’s. The men love only beautiful things, while Juliet cares more about the emotional aspects of a relationship. While both Romeo and Juliet lose their lives, Romeo dies due to his false belief that Juliet is dead. He is tricked into killing himself. When J uliet kills herself, Romeo is actually dead. Romeo kills himself so he will not have to live without his beautiful Juliet, while Juliet kills herself to bring them together again. Love of beauty is not good, as it can lead to death for the one who loves beauty and others who love the beauty lover. Works Cited Blomquist, Eric. â€Å"William Shakespeare (1564-1616). † sonnets. org. 29 Oct. 2007. 28 Mar. 2009 https://www. sonnets. org/? index. htm. Boas, George. â€Å"Love. † Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 583-590. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Pope John XXIII High School, Sparta, NJ. 9 Mar. 2009 https://infotrac. galegroup. com/? itweb/ db=GVRL. Dictionary. com Unabridged. Vers. 1. 1. 22 Mar. 009 https://dictionary. reference. com/? browse/? beauty. Leed, Drea. â€Å"Elizabethan Make-up 101. † Elizabethan Costuming Page. 2008. 15 Mar. 2009 https://www. elizabethancostume. net/? makeup. html. Robinson, Jenefer. â€Å"Aesthetics, Problems of. † Encycopedia of Philosophy. Ed. Donald Borchert. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 72-81. Ga le Virtual Reference Library. Gale. Pope John XXIII High School, Sparta, NJ. 9 Mar. 2009 https://infotrac. galegroup. com/? itweb/ db=GVRL. Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet. 1960. Ed. Peter Holland. New York: Penguin Group, 2000.

Coffee growers Essay - 928 Words

Film Questions 1. Coffee growers in poor rural areas are paid very little for their crop. What strategies are proposed in this clip for changing that situation? The strategies that are proposed in this clip for changing this situation are for coffee growers to adapt to the fair-trade market. Under the fair-trade market coffee growers will have the chance to a decent market price that will help increase their production. 2. Now that you know something about the â€Å"sociology of coffee† and globalization, will your own consumption habits change at all? Explain why you would change or not your consumption habits. I prefer not to drink coffee as a result my consumption will not change. 3. In what ways is the â€Å"coffee-go-round† an†¦show more content†¦Early adulthood is a time of struggle to gain the skills and credentials required for a job that can support the family they wish to start and a struggle to feel in control of their lives or is when people figure out when they want to do and how best to realize their goals. The primary reason for a prolonged early adulthood is that it now takes much longer to secure a full-time job that pays enough to support a family. 2. Examine figure 2. How are the lives of young people in 2000 different from those in 1960? What do you think accounts for these differences? The lives of young people in 2000 are less successful completing the transition to adulthood than the lives from those in 1960. Young adults not finding a full-time job that pays enough to support a family. 3. Discuss positive and negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting. How do you suspect this changes childrearing practices? How does having children change the careers of middle-aged workers? The positive effects of waiting to become a parent while in your adulthood are more likely to leave home, be financially independent, and completed schooling. The negative effects of postponing adulthood on parenting are not likely to be financially independent and completing schooling. Parents who postpone adulthood on parenting are likely to show care and loving towards their children than parents who are trying to complete their adulthood. Having children change the careersShow MoreRelatedEqual Exchange Term Paper812 Words   |  4 PagesExchange deal with the fluctuations on the trend for the demand of coffee while maintaining their ethical endeavor? IV. 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Nurses Role in PACU

Question: Describe about the Nurses Role in PACU. Answer: Efficient pain management techniques are essential components in the delivery of quality patient care. Nurses play a significant role in facilitating this by employing a broad range of innovative and acquired mechanisms which are geared towards allaying patients pain. A typical setting where these techniques are exemplified is the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) where patients are placed temporarily after a major surgery. Nurses perform some roles to facilitate pain reduction. Firstly, according to Kastrup, Seeling, Barthel, Bloch, Spies, Scheller Braun (2012), nurses conduct various assessments to establish the point of emanation of the pain and any factor that might be associated with it. This entails allowing patients to depict areas of tenderness besides describing its nature. This allows selection of appropriate pain-relieving interventions and utilizing them beside prioritizing the major areas of concern. For those patients who may not be in a position to verbalize their pain, unnecessary movements or discomfort are be used to analyze whether the patient has any pain. Secondly, they play a role in the safe administration of non-opioid analgesics to counter reception of pain. Currently, opioid medications for pain management are supposed to be administered as adjunctive analgesics (Kastrup, et al. 2012). Following surgery, sensory pathways are triggered to transmit pain impulses from the altered tissues to the nervous system which culminates the situation. Drugs such as acetaminophen are effective in the quick curbing of the pain. Employing physical techniques such as massage and repositioning as part of the non-pharmacological ways of approaching pain is another technique that is used in PACU by nurses. This is geared towards altering the patients physiological processes. Massage not only increases blood supply to the altered tissues but also reduces pain reception. Reposition aids in relieving pressure on the affected tissues besides facilitating a sufficient blood flow (Kastrup et al. 2012). A patients reaction to this techniques should dictate whether they are efficient or alternative means should be employed. In addition, a nurse ought to collaborate with other care providers in order to ascertain the point of emanation of the pain. Mutual decision-making facilitates effective management of the pain. For instance, the anesthetist can be consulted on the possible side effects of using some drugs while the patient is in the process of from anesthesia. Establishing an empathetic relationship with the patient facilitates the creation of a therapeutic environment which ultimately aids in the elimination of pain. The patient finds it easy to report any episodes of pain thus allowing the nurse to intervene before deterioration. A nurse should not depict sympathy no matter how painful the tenderness is unless it is done in order to change the mindset of the patient. Employing cognitive techniques such as encouraging the patient to meditate about a certain subject makes him be distracted as his focus deviates away from the pain (Sibille, Kindler, Glover, Gonzalez, Staud, Riley Fillingim, 2011). Progressive monitoring of the general condition of the patients should also be prioritized as it gives a trend of what the prognosis of the pain or condition might be. Older patients are likely to be prone to diseases, unlike young people. This affects the pharmacokinetic changes that are usually associated with opioid usages. The elderly are more sensitive to them when compared to the younger age groups. They have a higher level of unbound and active substances besides having slightly different drug redistribution (Ganter, Michael, Blumenthal, Stephan, Du?bendorfer, Seraina, Brunnschweiler, Simone, Hofer, Tim, Klaghofer, Richard, Zollinger, Andreas Christoph, 2014). An increase in age facilitates protraction redistribution of opioids to the liver which results in prolonged metabolism and an increase in duration of the effects. Opioids such as propofal and ketamine increase the risks of acquiring diseases such as delirium when administered in doses that dont resonate well with the age group of the patient. Advance in age declines the number of neurons in the body reduces due to auto regulation and hence their pain reception is less pronounced than in young people. This facilitates the use of lower doses because efficacy is still achieved with the small doses. Moreover, administration of a dose similar to all age groups is likely to predispose the elderly to respiratory distress. Therefore, vulnerability to respiratory distress is increased with advancement in age. Weight affects the ratio of adipose tissue to the lean mass of the body. Lean body mass is employed in determining the dosage of the opioid medications (Faraj, Vegesna, Mudali, Khairay, Nissar, Alfarhan Sabir, 2012). Different weights ultimately lead to different cardiac output which affects the rate of distribution of the drugs. Patients with more weight are given much attention because they are vulnerable to respiratory distress if advanced dosages are administered to them. Lighter patients have a reduced cardiac output hence redistribution of the drugs is not pronounced like in patients with bigger weights. This necessitates the use of slightly higher doses in them. References Faraj, J. H., Vegesna, A. R., Murali, I. N., Khairy, M. A., Nissar, S., Alfarhan, M., Sabir, K., ... Go, T. (January 01, 2012). Survey and management of anesthesia-related complications in PACU.Qatar Medical Journal,2012,2, 64-70. Ganter, Michael T, Blumenthal, Stephan, Du?bendorfer, Seraina, Brunnschweiler, Simone, Hofer, Tim, Klaghofer, Richard, Zollinger, Andreas, ... Hofer, Christoph K. (2014).The length of stay in the post-anaesthesia care unit correlates with pain intensity, nausea and vomiting on arrival. (info:doi/10.1186/s13741-014-0010-8.) BioMed Central. Kastrup, Marc, Seeling k, Matthes, Barthel, Stefan, Bloch, Andy, le Claire, Marie, Spies, Was Claudia, Scheller, Matthias, Braun, Jan. (2012).Effects of intensivist coverage in the post-anaesthesia care unit on surgical patients' case mix and characteristics of the intensive care unit. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd. Kastrup, M., Seeling, M.J, Barthel, S., Bloch, A., le, C. M., Spies, C., Scheller, M. Braun, J. (January 01, 2012). Effects of intensivist coverage in the post-anaesthesia care unit on surgical patients' case management and characteristics of the intensive care unit.Critical Care (London, England),16,4.) Sibille, K. T., Kindler, L. S. L., Glover, T. L., Gonzalez, R. D., Staud, R., Riley, I. I. I. J. L., Fillingim, R. B. (July 01, 2011). Individual Differences in Morphine and Butorphanol Analgesia: A Laboratory Pain Study.Pain Medicine,12,7, 1076-1085.

Piaget & Vygotsky Essays (1985 words) - Constructivism,

Piaget & Vygotsky Piaget and Vygotsky Theories of Cognitive Development Everyday life is characterized by conscious purpose. From reaching for food to designing an experiment, our actions are directed at goals. This purpose reveals itself partly in our conscious awareness and partly in the organization of our thoughts and actions. Cognition is the process involved in thinking and mental activity, such as attention, memory and problem solving. Much past and present theory has emphasized the parallels between the articulated prepositional structure of language and the structure of an internal code or ?language of thought'. In this paper I will discuss language and cognition and two famous theorist who were both influential in forming a more scientific approach to analyzing the process of cognitive development. Jean Piaget There are those that say that Jean Piaget was the first to take children's thinking seriously. Although Piaget never thought of himself as a child psychologist his real interest was epistemology, the theory of knowledge, which, like physics, was considered a branch of philosophy until Piaget came along and made it a science (2000). Children and their reasoning process fascinated Piaget. He began to suspect that observing how the child's mind develops might discover the key to human knowledge. Piaget's insight opened a new window into the inner workings of the mind. Jean Piaget has made major theoretical and practical contributions to our understanding of the origins and evolution of knowledge. Stages of Childhood Development In his work Piaget identified stages of mental growth. He theorized that all children progressed through stages of cognitive development. He discovered that children think and reason differently at different periods in their lives. Piaget believed that everyone passed through a sequence of four qualitatively distinct stages. They are sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational. In the sensorimotor stage, occurring from birth to age 2, the child is concerned with gaining motor control and learning about physical objects. This stage promotes that thought is based primarily on action. Every time an infant does any action such as holding a bottle or learning to turn over, they are learning more about their bodies and how it relates to them and their environment. Piaget maintains that there are six sub-stages in the sensorimotor stage although children pass through three major achievements. In the preoperational stage, from ages 2 to 7, the child is preoccupied with verbal skills. At this point the child can name objects and reason intuitively. Piaget has divided this stage into the preoperational phase and the intuitive phase. In the preoperational phase children use language and try to make sense of the world but have a much less sophisticated mode of thought than adults. They need to test thoughts with reality on a daily basis and do not appear to be able to learn from generalizations made by adults. In the intuitive phase the child slowly moves away from drawing conclusions based solely on concrete experiences with objects. However, the conclusions drawn are based on rather vague impressions and perceptual judgments. It becomes possible to carry on a conversation with a child. Children develop the ability to classify objects on the basis of different criteria. At this stage children learn to count and use the concept of numbers. In the concrete operational stage, from ages 7 to 12, the child begins to deal with abstract concepts such as numbers and relationships. It is here that children learn mastery of classes, relations, numbers and how to reason. In this stage a person can do mental operations but only with real concrete objects, events or situations. Logical reasons are understood. For example, a concrete operational person can understand the need to go to bed early when it is necessary to rise early the next morning. A pre-operational child, on the other hand, does not understand this logic and substitutes the psychological reason, I want to stay up?. Finally, in the formal operational stage, age 12 to 15, the child begins to reason logically and systematically. The last stage deals with the mastery of thought (Evans, 1973). A formal operational thinker can do abstract thinking and starts to enjoy abstract thought. The formal operational thinker is able to think ahead to plan the solution path. Finally,

Objects Commonly Left Inside the Body After Surgery

Objects Commonly Left Inside the Body After Surgery When undergoing surgery, most patients dont consider that they could leave the hospital with foreign objects in their bodies. Research studies indicate that thousands of incidents (4,500 to 6,000) of this type happen each year in the United States alone. Retained surgical instruments after surgery can cause a number of serious health issues and may even lead to death. Leaving foreign objects in a patients body is a mistake that could be avoided with the implementation of extra safety precautions. 15 Objects Commonly Left Inside the Body After Surgery Depending on the type of surgery, surgeons are estimated to use over 250 types of surgical instruments and tools during a single procedure. These objects are difficult to keep track of during surgery and are sometimes left behind. The types of surgical objects commonly left inside a patient after surgery include: spongesscalpelsscissorstowelsdrain tipsneedlesguide wiresclampstweezersforcepsscopessurgical masksmeasuring devicessurgical glovestubes The most common objects left inside a patient are needles and sponges. Sponges, in particular, are difficult to keep track of as they are used to soak up blood during surgery and tend to blend in with the patients organs and tissues. These incidences happen most often during abdominal surgery. The most common areas in which surgical objects are left inside a patient are the abdomen, vagina, and the chest cavity. Why Objects Get Left Behind Surgical objects are unintentionally left inside a patient for a number of reasons. Hospitals typically rely on nurses or technicians to keep track of the number of sponges and other surgical tools used during surgery. Human error comes into play as incorrect counts can be made due to fatigue or chaos as a result of a surgical emergency. Several factors can increase the risk that an object may be left behind after surgery. These factors include unexpected changes that occur during surgery, the patients body mass index is high, multiple procedures are needed, procedures involving more than one surgical team, and procedures involving greater blood loss. Consequences of Leaving Objects Behind The consequences of having surgical tools left inside a patients body vary from harmless to fatal. Patients may go for months or years not realizing that they have foreign surgical objects within their bodies. Sponges and other surgical implements can lead to infection, severe pain, digestive system problems, fever, swelling, internal bleeding, damage to internal organs, obstructions, loss of part of an internal organ, prolonged hospital stays, additional surgery to remove the object or even death. Cases of Objects Left Inside Patients Examples of surgical objects being left inside patients include: A patient in a Wisconsin hospital was undergoing cancer surgery and a 13-inch surgical retractor was left inside his abdomen.A six-inch metal surgical clamp was left in a mans abdomen (behind his liver) following intestinal surgery in California. Even more astonishing is that this was the second time that a clamp was left inside this same patient after surgery.Surgical scissors were left inside a woman who had undergone uterine cancer surgery.A surgical glove was left inside a woman who had undergone a hysterectomy.A two-inch scalpel was left inside the abdomen of a man who was having heart bypass surgery. Prevention Methods Large surgical instruments are not commonly left inside patients. Retained surgical sponges make up the vast majority of objects left behind after surgery. Some hospitals are using sponge-tracking technology to ensure that these items are detected and not left inside a patient. The sponges are bar-coded and scanned when they are used to reduce the risk of an inaccurate count. They are scanned again after surgery to ensure that there are no discrepancies. Another type of sponge-tracking technology involves radio-frequency tagged sponges and towels. These items can be detected by an x-ray while the patient is still in the operating room. Hospitals that use these types of surgical object tracking methods have reported a drastic reduction in the rate of reported retained surgical objects. Adopting sponge-tracking technology has also proven to be more cost-effective for hospitals than having to perform additional surgeries on patients to remove retained surgical objects. Sources Eisler, Peter. â€Å"What Surgeons Leave behind Costs Some Patients Dearly.† USA Today. Gannett, 08 Mar. 2013. Web. 6 July 2016. usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/03/08/surgery-sponges-lost-supplies-patients-fatal-risk/1969603/.Williams, T. Tung, D. et al. Retained Surgical Sponges: Findings from Incident Reports and a Cost-Benefit Analysis of Radiofrequency Technology. J Am Coll Surg. 2014 Sep;219(3):354-64. doi: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.03.052. Epub 2014 May 10.

Analysis of film Clear and Present Danger in relation to the 1980-90's Essay

Analysis of film Clear and Present Danger in relation to the 1980-90's War on Drugs era and Colombian instability - Essay Example The film starred Harrison Ford, Willem Defoe, Anne Archer, Joachim de Almeida, and Henry Czerny, with important appearances by James Earl Jones and Donald Moffat. Hope Lange and Dean Jones, stars from another era, both made appearances as officials in the government. The film was directed by Philip Noyce with the adaptation written by Donald Stewart .1 The film revolves around the temporary appointment of Ryan as Deputy Director of Intelligence for the CIA when Admiral James Greer becomes ill with cancer. Quickly the action ratchets up as one of the President’s friends is murdered along with the friend’s family. As Ryan is called in to investigate he is embroiled in an intrigue of subterfuge and secrecy. He is used to present false facts to Congress in order to cover up an operation that is considered unethical. An action against the men who were involved in the murder ends badly, leaving the covert troups hanging in the wind and Ryan furious for the inappropriate and i llegal action for which he has now been set up to take responsibility. In the end, Jack Ryan steps up and goes in after the troops with the agent who believed that Ryan was responsible for the cut-off in communications, rescuing the troops and making a political statement about the nature of right and wrong. The film is reflective of many of the unclear and shadowed legacies of the events of President Ronald Reagan’s term in office. In one scene, Robert Ritter and Jack Ryan have a showdown about the events that Ritter approved but burdened Ryan with the responsibility. Ritter repeats twice that Ryan will have to say â€Å"I have no recollection† when he will supposedly have to face congress about the illegal events.2 At the end of the scene, Ritter shouts after Jack â€Å"The world is grey, Jack†, a theme of the time period when drugs were part of the foreign relations events.3 During the administration of President Ronald Reagan, the Iran-Contra affair was rife with declarations of a lack of memory or knowledge of the events by the President and others presumed involved. Former Lieutenant Colonel Oliver North might be a real life figure who is represented by Jack Ryan. Regardless of knowledge of the events, he was the central figure indicted on charges from the fall-out of the exposure of the Iran-Contra deal, but was able to portray for the cameras a patriot with a wholesome appearance.4 While this comparison to North is not strictly representative of the truth of North’s involvement (a truth that may never be fully revealed to history), the potential threat against Ryan through Ritter parallels the feeling of the event. The period of President Reagan’s term and the events of covert and illegal deals is the universe and period of time in which the film takes place. The events of the film are a parallel to the concept of backroom deals and covert operations of a nefarious and illegal nature that were the topic of literary an d film plots of the 1980s and 1990s. The legacy of the Vietnam War, as President Nixon’s administration covertly moved troops into Cambodia is reflected through the illegal movement of troops within the film.5 The intrigue and conspirator themes about a government that cannot be trusted is the underlying context on which the story of the film is constructed. The specific theme of the film is built upon the relationship that the United States had with Columbia and the Columbia drug cartels. The unfortunate state of affairs in Columbia was based upon a system that supported the sale of drugs into the United States. Columbia had shifted its economy from one based on tobacco and coffee to

Business Simulation in Motor Industry Research Paper

Business Simulation in Motor Industry - Research Paper Example The first model caters to the market segment - City Size and Under 25 age group. The car is 3/5 Door Hatch Type with a 4 Cylinder Engine. It has an option of Superior Sound System/iPod. Buyers under 25 yrs of age are mostly single individuals with low to average income. They normally use the car as basic transportation for everyday activities. The second model caters to the market segment - Medium Size and 25 to 40 age group. The car is a 2/4 Door Saloon/Estate Type with a Large 6-8 Cylinder Engine. It has several options such as Multi Location Airbags, Dual Fuel Operation, 6-Speed Gearbox, Speed Limiter, Electronic Stability Control, and Safety Package. Buyers in this age group are mostly average income individuals who have high preference in comfort, speed, style and safety. As a new entrant to the motor industry, the corporate strategy of the company is cost leadership. The car models will be positioned in the market as low priced in order to effectively penetrate the customer base. The goal of the pricing strategy is to create a company's share in the total market. The first model will be priced at 11,007.08 while the second model will be priced at 18,216.85. However, even at a low price, the company forecasts an 18% gross profit margin. At the first year of production, the company will be manufacturing in one factory. It will be producing 50,000 units of each model. The factory will be employing at full capacity of 4,000 workers. The average wage offered to each employee would be 400, which is higher than the minimum wage per week in the industry. In order to increase productivity, the company will initially invest in 20 units of automation. Forecast Production and Sales Model 1 Model 2 Total Model cost per car [Mm] 7,200.00 9,385.00 Design cost per car [Md] 888.00 1,553.50 Options cost per car(1) [Mo] 450.00 3,486.50 Material cost per car [M=Mm+Md+Mo] 8,538.00 14,425.00 Productivity (cars/worker/year) [Pr] 41 39 Workers per car [Wk = 1 / Pr] 0.024 0,026 Weekly wage [W] 400.00 400.00 Labour cost per car [L = Wk*W*50] 487.80 512.82 Total cost per car [C = L + M] 9,025.80 14,937.80 Selling price [P] 11,007.08 18.216.85 Gross Margin % [= 100*(P - C)/P] 18% 18% Forecast Sales (units) [S] 50,000 50,000 100,000 Total Sales Income m [= S*P] 550.35 910.84 1,461.19 Forecast production (units) [N] 50,000 50,000 100,000 Total Material Cost m [= M*N] 426.90 721.25 1,148.15 Total Labour Cost m [= L*N] 24.39 25.64 50.03 Profit Forecast ( million) Income Costs Total Sales Income 1,461.19 Total Material Cost 1,148.15 Total Labour Cost 50.03 Gross Profit 263.01 Fixed Overhead(2) 124.11 Promotion 40.00 Depreciation(2) 66.00 Operating Profit 32.90 Net Interest Payment 14.00 Pre-tax profit 18.90 Tax (30%) 5.67 Post-tax profit 13.23 Cash Flow Forecast ( million) Cash In Cash Out Opening Bank Balance 500.00 Total Sales Income 1,461.19 Total Material Cost 1,148.15 Total Labour Cost 50.03 Fixed Overhead(2) 124.11 Promotion Cost 40.00 Factory Cost 650.00 Automation Expenditure 10.00 Tax Payment 5.67 Balance before Loan (66.77) New Loan 200.00 Closing Bank Balance 133.23 NX0441 Business Game Decision Form Semester 1 2009/10 Seminar Group . Team Number .